What is Breast Cancer and Causes of Breast Cancer

What is and Causes of Breast Cancer

Author: peterhutch

Definition of breast cancer: Cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). It occurs in both men and women, although male is rare.
 
Symptoms of
 
Knowing the signs and symptoms of may help save your life. When the disease is discovered early, you have more treatment options and a better chance for a cure.
 
A lump or thickening in the breast or armpit
 
A change in the size or shape of the breast
 
Discharge from the nipple
 
A change in the color or texture of the skin of the breast or areola (such as dimpling, puckering, or scaliness). 
 
Breast discharge is a common problem and is rarely a symptom of cancer. Discharge is most concerning if it is from only one breast or if it is bloody. In any case, all breast discharge should be evaluated.
 
A change in the shape of your nipple, particularly if it turns in, sinks into the breast or becomes irregular in shape   
 
A blood-stained discharge from the nipple   
 
A rash on a nipple or surrounding area   
 
A swelling or lump in your armpit
 
Causes of
 
Age: The chance of getting goes up as a woman gets older. Most cases of occur in women over 60. 
 
Personal history of breast cancer: A woman who had in one breast has an increased risk of getting cancer in her other breast.
 
Your risk of developing increases as you get older. About 1 out of 8 invasive diagnoses are among women younger than 45, while about 2 out of 3 women with invasive are age 55 or older when they are diagnosed. 
 
Recently published research shows that a woman's risk of developing is also affected by breast density and whether she has used hormone therapy; including

Estrogen for Triple Negative Breast Cancer
<b>Condition</b>:   Female Breast Cancer<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Estradiol<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Wisconsin, Madison<br/><b>Recruiting</b> - verified March 2010
Ixabepilone and Vorinostat in Treating Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer
<b>Conditions</b>:   Male Breast Cancer;   Recurrent Breast Cancer;   Stage IV Breast Cancer<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: vorinostat;   Drug: ixabepilone<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   City of Hope Medical Center<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b> - verified March 2010
Female Cancer Patients' Preference For Sexual Health Interventions
<b>Conditions</b>:   Breast Cancer;   Gynecologic Cancer<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   <br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center<br/><b>Recruiting</b> - verified March 2010
Radiation Therapy in Treating Women With Locally Recurrent Breast Cancer Previously Treated With Repeat Breast-Preserving Surgery
<b>Condition</b>:   Breast Cancer<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: laboratory biomarker analysis;   Other: questionnaire administration;   Procedure: adjuvant therapy;   Radiation: 3-dimensional conformal accelerated partial breast irradiation<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Radiation Therapy Oncology Group;   National Cancer Institute (NCI)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b> - verified March 2010
Study of XL147 or XL765 in Combination With Letrozole in Subjects With Breast Cancer
<b>Condition</b>:   Breast Cancer<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: XL147;   Drug: XL765;   Drug: letrozole (Femara)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Exelixis<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b> - verified March 2010
Survey Conducted Among Early Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Arimidex for Evaluation of Treatment Adherence
<b>Condition</b>:   Breast Cancer<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   <br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   AstraZeneca<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b> - verified March 2010
89Zr-trastuzumab PET for Imaging the Effect of HSP90 Inhibition
<b>Condition</b>:   Breast Cancer<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Imaging with 89Zr-trastuzumab PET<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University Medical Centre Groningen<br/><b>Recruiting</b> - verified February 2010
Evaluating the Age Extension of the NHS Breast Screening Programme
<b>Condition</b>:   Breast Cancer Mortality<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Invitation for breast screening<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Oxford;   Department of Health, United Kingdom<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b> - verified March 2010
Imaging HSP90 Inhibitor AUY922 on VEGF-89ZR-bevacizumab PET
<b>Condition</b>:   Breast Cancer<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: 89Zr-bevacizumab PET imaging<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University Medical Centre Groningen<br/><b>Recruiting</b> - verified February 2010
The Effect of Aromatase Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women With Breast Cancer
<b>Condition</b>:   Breast Cancer<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   <br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Pittsburgh;   National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)<br/><b>Recruiting</b> - verified March 2010
A Non-inferiority Study Comparing Two Filgrastim Preparations in Breast Cancer
<b>Condition</b>:   Neutropenia in Breast Cancer<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Filgrastim (Eurofarma);   Drug: Filgrastim (Granulokine, Amgen)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Eurofarma Laboratorios Ltda<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b> - verified March 2010
Letrozole in Treating Healthy Postmenopausal Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer
<b>Condition</b>:   Breast Cancer<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: letrozole<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Arizona;   National Cancer Institute (NCI)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b> - verified February 2010
Brain Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients
<b>Condition</b>:   Breast Cancer<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Trastuzumab or Lapatinib<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   GlaxoSmithKline<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b> - verified February 2010
Study of Tamoxifen Dose Escalation in Breast Cancer Patients With CYP2D6 Polymorphisms
<b>Conditions</b>:   Breast Cancer;   CYP2D6 Polymorphism<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Tamoxifen<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sydney West Area Health Service<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b> - verified February 2010
Prevention of Capsular Contracture Using Trental and Vitamin E
<b>Condition</b>:   Capsular Contractures<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Trental<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Legacy Health System<br/><b>Recruiting</b> - verified March 2010
Lymph Fluid and Blood Collection for Identification of Novel Biomarkers
<b>Condition</b>:   Adenocarcinoma of the Breast<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   <br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Indiana University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b> - verified February 2010
Open Label Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Olaparib in Confirmed Genetic BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation Pats
<b>Conditions</b>:   Ovarian;   Breast;   Prostate;   Pancreatic;   Advanced Tumours<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: olaparib<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   AstraZeneca<br/><b>Recruiting</b> - verified March 2010
Carcinogenicity Study of Bupropion
<b>Conditions</b>:   Depressive Disorder;   Cancer<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Regular bupropion use;   Drug: Regular SSRI (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) use;   Drug: Regular use of any other antidepressant;   Drug: Regular TCA (Tricyclic antidepressants) use<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   GlaxoSmithKline<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b> - verified February 2010
Pilot Pharmacokinetic Study of Daily Versus Monthly High-Dose Cholecalciferol Supplementation
<b>Condition</b>:   Healthy Volunteers<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Single High Dose Cholecalciferol;   Dietary Supplement: Daily Dose Cholecalciferol<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Mayo Clinic<br/><b>Recruiting</b> - verified March 2010

these additional risk factors in a risk assessment tool might increase its accuracy, but researchers still need to validate these additional factors with data from independent studies
 
Family history: If a woman’s blood-related relatives on either her mother or father’s side of the family have had breast cancer, then she is at increased risk for the disease. Having a first-degree relative (mother, sister, daughter) with can double a woman’s risk.
 
Breast Cancer Treatments
 
Surgery
 
The goals of surgery are to remove the cancerous tissue, and to analyze it for type, grade, size, hormonal status, and possible metastasis.
 
Frozen sections. Mayo Clinic has the benefit of its unique frozen section pathology lab, which allows for rapid and accurate microscopic analysis of tissue while a patient is still in the operating room. This capability allows doctors to know whether they have removed all of the cancer (achieved negative margins) within minutes of removing the tissue. Without frozen section analysis, determining whether all of the cancer has been removed may take days, causing a patient to undergo multiple surgeries.
 
Breast Reconstruction
 
Many women choose to have a plastic surgeon reconstruct their breast, either at the time of mastectomy or afterward. The surgeon may use saline-filled implants and/or tissue from other parts of the body to rebuild a natural looking breast and nipple. Reconstruction should be discussed with a plastic surgeon before you have your mastectomy. California law requires that insurers cover the costs of breast reconstruction.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/alternative-medicine-articles/what-is-breast-cancer-and-causes-of-breast-cancer-462884.html

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